DOCUMENTS | Reports | Policy Guide on Annual Reporting
3.1 Title of the report
3.2 Acknowledgements
3.3 Table of contents
3.4 Glossary
3.5 Executive summary
3.6 Introduction
3.7 The body of the report
3.8 Conclusions
3.9 Recommendations
3.10 Sources consulted
3.11 Annexures
5.1 Identification of the report
5.2 Communication medium
5.3 Distribution protocol for a report5.3.1 Parliament
5.3.2 Provincial legislators and committees
5.3.3 Client department
5.3.4 Departments that assist the Office in its evaluations
5.3.5 The Minister for Public Service and Administration
5.3.6 Libraries
5.3.7 Other organisations and interested parties
6.1 Editorial committee
6.2 Technical layout of the text6.2.1 Software package
6.2.2 Format
6.2.3 Headings
6.2.4 Numbering of sections
6.2.5 The presentation of tables
6.2.6 The presentation of illustrations
6.2.7 Documentation of sources consulted
List of sources consulted
Annexure A List of Parliamentary portfolio committees
Annexure B List of provincial legislatures portfolio committees
Annexure C List of other interested parties
The purpose of this document is to provide guidelines, that will also serve as policy, for the presentation, publication and distribution of the Commissions reports. These guidelines are based on international standards for the compilation, retrieval and use of reports. This document is structured as follows:
- Background
- General presentation framework of a report
- Protocol for the approval of a report
- Publishing of reports
- Editing of report
The annual report(s) of the Commission to the National Assembly and provincial legislatures do not form part of this document.
The Commission is in terms of section 196 (6) and (4)(e) of the Constitution, 1996, obliged to report once a year on its activities and the performance of its functions, as well as on any finding it may make and recommendation and advice it may give, to the National Assembly and provincial legislatures. A report on the evaluation of the extent to which the values and principles set out in section 195 are complied with, should also be given.
Apart from annual reporting, which is the Commissions main reporting responsibility, separate reports on any kind of investigation performed at an institution should also be published.
A proper report framework supports arguments/statements with facts and concrete examples and specific details and prevents generalisation. The conventional sequence of headings of a long report, each of which will be discussed in turn, is as follows:
- Title of the report
- Acknowledgements
- Table of contents
- Glossary
- Executive summary
- Introduction
- Body of report under headings
- Conclusions
- Recommendations
- List of sources consulted
- Annexures
3.1 Title of a report
Since the title is the main identifier of the report not only for the reader, but also for filing and retrieving purposes, it should be presented clearly, not resemble the title of any other report and not be obscured by illustrations, since this would make identification and subsequent retrieval difficult. The title may include a subtitle, but should always contain -
- what the report is about,
- who the report is by,
- who the report is to,
- date of the report,
- the name of the issuing organisation (in this case, The Public Service Commission),
- reference number(s), and
- degree of confidentiality.
The title on the cover and on the title page should not differ in any way. For the sake of readability the title should run from left to right and not from top to bottom.
3.2 Acknowledgments
This information, to acknowledge inputs from participants, is presented on a separate page following the cover page.
3.3 Table of contents
The table of "Contents" should be distinguished from the "Index." The table of contents appears at the beginning of the report and is a list of chapters or sections in the same sequence as they occur in the report, giving also the number of the chapter/section and the page on which it begins. The Index on the other hand appears at the back of the report and is a list of main points discussed (not only the headings) in alphabetical order (not the order in which they occur).
The table of contents can automatically be compiled by applying the "table of contents" function available on Word Perfect of the Offices computers under "Tools".
3.4 Glossary
A glossary provides the reader with definitions of terms/abbreviations used in the report. The glossary is presented on a separate page following the table of contents. The pages are numbered by Roman numerals.
3.5 Executive Summary
The executive summary is an overview of the full report and not merely of the conclusions or recommendations, and appears just after the glossary. The intent is to communicate in condensed form all the essential findings of the full report, accurately and concisely, that is the -
- background/project description,
- methodology,
- findings,
- conclusions, and
- recommendations.
The summary, should be brief (preferably not longer than two pages), consistent with the contents of the full report, clear, and should stand as an independent, self-contained message (that can be easily disseminated) to help those who have no time to read anything else - like the Portfolio Committee, and to help those who intend to read the full report but would appreciate an overview first.
3.6 Introduction
The introduction addresses certain essential preliminaries such as:
- The aim , objectives and limits of the report (terms of reference) which should be a clear and unambiguous statement in the first paragraph, and should preferably be expressed in a single sentence.
- The events leading up to the request for a report, or other background history.
- The method of collecting evidence (how the research was conducted).
- The resources available to the report writer such as staff, time, and the authority to collect evidence, including constraints.
- Target audience
- Key evaluation questions
- Data analysis procedures
- Budget/costs for the project.
3.7 The body of the report
Headings in the report should be in what the reader will find as a logical order. Sometimes it will be in chronological or alphabetical order; other times in order of importance; sometimes going from the long-term to the short-term, or from the general to the particular. The easiest way to discuss issues are to state what the problem is, how it can be resolved and what the result of the proposed solution would be.
To enhance readability use the following techniques:
- Use headings/subheadings to provide visual relief and to make specific information of sections more accessible.
- Use bulleted lists to present ideas clearly and concisely. It makes information easier to see and to understand, and they provide visual variety on a page.
- Use boxes/illustrations to emphasise important information and/or to set off background or ancillary information.
- Use tables and figures/graphs/charts to make information more understandable.
The conclusions and recommendations will appear next. Sometimes, however, the nature of the report will predict that these information be provided after each segment of the report.
3.8 Conclusions
Conclusions are verdict(s) derived from, and which can be directly supported by the arguments/evidence discussed in the report. The conclusions have to be persuasive; the reader must agree with the writer and be convinced by the argument.
3.9 Recommendations
Recommendations are best written when they are crisp, as short as possible and when they do not overlap with conclusions. Recommendations should logically flow from the conclusions and drafted very carefully to ensure that the right person takes the right action based on the recommendations. The test of well-written recommendations is whether it is possible to implement the recommendations detached from the report or not. When there is a long list of recommendations, it is advisable to divide them into long term, short term, or by the different people/agencies who should implement them.
3.10 Source consulted
Every source consulted in writing a report should be acknowledged in a List of sources consulted. This list should not be called Bibliography, since the term usually refers to a comprehensive list of information sources on a given subject.
3.11 Annexures
They are technical information put at the end of the report to emphasise that they are for specialist readers and that the report makes sense without them. It should have its own list of contents and pagination. When the annexures are not tagged, the annexures page numbering should either follow that of the main text, or be numbered separately as a whole.
In submitting any report for approval the following protocol that prevails in the Office, must be followed:
- Office submit draft report to Commission Cluster via Director-General.
- Commission Cluster recommends draft report for submission to full Commission.
- Full Commission approves draft report for submission or presentation to client for comment.
- Commission Cluster and Office discuss contents of draft report with client.
- Client provides the Commission with formal comments/inputs.
- Office amends report if necessary and submits final reports to Commission Cluster via Director-General.
- Commission Cluster recommends final report for submission to full Commission.
- Full Commission approves final report for printing and distribution.
- Sub-directorate Communication prepares report for printing and distribution to clients.
The organisation that produces or arranges for the production of a document is regarded as the publisher. This could either be the Government Printer or an individual Government Department - in our case, the publisher is the Public Service Commission. In publishing a report the identification of the report, communication medium and the distribution protocol are of importance.
5.1 identification of a report
Each report (publication) needs to be provided with both an ISBN (International Standard Book Number) and the ISSN (International Standard Serial Number) number for identification to comply with the International Standards Organisation (ISO) requirement in this regard. (The ISO regards regularly published reports as both monographs - books - and serials that require an identification code). Apart from identification, the purpose of these codes is to -
- serve as an inventory code,
- identify any title of any publication in whatever language, in whatever part of the world,
- access and retrieve the information from national and international bibliographic computerised databases, and
- to improve communication
The librarian assigns and keeps a register of ISBN and ISSN numbers in numerical order. These numbers are obtained from the Subdirectorate of Meta-information of the Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology.
5.2 Communication medium
Apart from the official printed report, the contents of the report are also communicated in the following ways by the Public Service Commission, whom are assisted by officials of the Sub-directorate Public Relations:
Communication medium
Recipients
1. Media briefing/releases
All citizens
2. External newsletter
All stakeholders
3. Information bulletins with a summary of the main findings and recommendations on completed investigations and/or a list of published reports which can be obtained from the Public Service Commission
All stakeholders, citizens
4. Web page on the Internet.
All citizens - local and international
5. Annual report.
Parliament
6. Internal newsletter.
All employees of the PSC
7. Staff briefings.
All employees of the PSC
8. Oral presentations on the main findings and recommendations contained in reports of completed investigations supported by audio-visual presentations.
Presentations are arranged with
- Chairperson of Portfolio Committee
- Chairperson of NCOP-delegate
- Minister/Member of Executive Council
- Director-General/Head of department
- Editor of the news paper
Client, i.e
- Portfolio Committee of National Assembly and/or Provincial Legislature relevant to the subject of the report.
- National Council of Provinces.
- Minister relevant to subject of the report.
- Member of Executive Council relevant to subject of the report.
- Head of Department relevant to subject of the report.
- Press.
5.3 Distribution protocol for a report
The protocol for the distribution of reports and the number of copies that must be distributed to the following role players/interested parties as set out in the table below. The reports must be accompanied by a letter signed by the Chairperson of the Public Service Commission:
- Parliament
- Provincial Legislatures
- Client department
- Departments that assisted the Office in its evaluations
- The Minister for Public Service and Administration
- Libraries
- Other organisations and interested parties
ROLE PLAYER
PROTOCOL
NUMBER OF REPORTS
1. PARLIAMENT
1.1 National Assembly
Report is submitted to the Speaker of the National Assembly (Rules of the National Assembly, Rule 302(a) and 303(1)(a)).
750
1.2 Portfolio Committee
Report is referred by Speaker to the chairperson of the portfolio committee relevant to the subject of the report (Rules of the National Assembly, Rule 303(1)(a)). A clear indication should be given in the report of what action is expected of the Committee - Rule 201 of the Rules of the National Assembly should serve as a guide in this regard.
According to number of members
1.3 National Council of Provinces (NCOP)
Report is submitted to the chairperson of the NCOP.
90
2. PROVINCIAL LEGISLATURES AND COMMITTEES
2.1 Eastern Cape
Report is submitted via the Speaker to the relevant portfolio committees chairperson.
If the report was requested by a MEC, it is submitted via the MEC relevant to the subject of the report.
60
2.2 Free State
Rules do not cover protocol for submission of reports yet.
As interim arrangement submit report to chairperson of Finance Committee.
60
2.3 Gauteng
Report is submitted to Leader of the House (Gauteng Provincial Legislature Standing Rules, Chapter II 2.1(4) who refers it to Portfolio Committee.
60
2.4 KwaZulu-Natal
Report is submitted to the Speaker who refers it to Portfolio Committee.
125
2.5 Mpumalanga
Report is submitted to the Speaker (Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature, Rules and Orders, Rule 91) who refers it to Portfolio Committee.
60
2.6 Northern Cape
Report is submitted via the Premiers Office to the Speaker who refers it to Portfolio Committee.
60
2.7 Northern Province
Report is submitted to Speaker (Legislature of the Northern Province Standing Rules, Rule 30(1)(c) and 72) who refers it to Portfolio Committee.
60
2.8 North West
Report is submitted to the chairperson of the portfolio committee relevant to the subject of the report with a copy to the Speaker and
60
2.9 Western Cape
Report is submitted to Speaker who refers it to Portfolio Committee. (Western Cape Provincial Parliament, Rules 84.(1)(a) and (c)/85.(1) and 97).
60
3. CLIENT DEPARTMENT
Subject affects only one department:
- National departments
A copy each is submitted to the relevant Minister and head of department.
- Provincial Administrations
A copy each is submitted to the MEC and head of provincial department relevant to the subject of the report, the Premier and Director-General.
- Subject affects the entire Public Service:
One (1) copy to
- the President, Deputy-President, Ministers and heads of all national departments, and
- the Director-Generals of Provincial Administrations, Premiers, MECs and heads of provincial departments.
2
4
56
2034. DEPARTMENTS THAT ASSISTED THE OFFICE IN ITS EVALUATIONS
Submit copy to head of the relevant department.
1
5. THE MINISTER FOR PUBLIC SERVICE AND ADMINISTRATION
Submit one copy to the Minister.
1
6. LIBRARIES
6.1 Signed agreements: Because of an agreement that exists between the State Library and these institutions, copies must be sent to both in the United States.
6.1.1 The United Nations Dag Hammerskjöld Library
Submit one copy via the Offices Sub-directorate: Library Services and Publications.
1
6.1.2 The Library of Congress
Submit one copy via the Offices Sub-directorate: Library Services and Publications.
1
6.2 Legal deposit libraries: The Legal Deposit of Publications Act, 1982 (Act no.17 of 1982) requires that a copy each be send to the following libraries:
6.2.1 Bloemfontein Public Library
Submit one copy to the legal deposit section via the Offices Sub-directorate: Library Services and Publications.
1
6.2.2 State Library Pretoria
Submit one copy to the legal deposit section via the Offices Sub-directorate: Library Services and Publications.
1
6.2.3 Library of Parliament, Cape Town
Submit one copy to the legal deposit section via the Offices Sub-directorate: Library Services and Publications.
1
6.2.4 Natal Society Library, Pietermaritzburg
Submit one copy to the legal deposit section via the Offices Sub-directorate: Library Services and Publications.
1
6.2.5 South African Library, Cape Town
Submit one copy to the legal deposit section via the Offices Sub-directorate: Library Services and Publications.
1
7. OTHER ORGANISATIONS AND INTERESTED PARTIES
If the other organisations on the list at Annexure C and interested parties are keen to know about the Commissions work, reports can be accessed on the Offices Web page. Here restrictions are placed on access - for example access to the full report, or only the executive summary, or only some chapters - as the Commission decides from time to time. (The provisions regarding transparency must however be borne in mind).
None
To ensure a high technical quality of the reports, an editorial committee and guidelines on the technical layout of reports have been established.
6.1 Editorial Committee
The editorial committee consists of
- The Deputy Director from the Sub-directorate: Communication.
- The author of the report.
- Another person adequately proficient in the relevant language.
The functions of this editorial committee are as follows:
- Check that the technical layout and organisation of the report complies with the guidelines set out in paragraph 6.2.
- Check usage of words and grammar.
- Make arrangements for the printing of the report.
- Proof read report.
- Obtain identification number of report from librarian - see paragraph 5.1.
6.2 Technical layout of the text
Guidelines on the technical layout of a reports text are necessary to ensure standardisation of the Commissions reports. The following aspects are covered in this section:
- Software package
- Format.
- Headings
- Numbering of sections
- Tables
- Illustrations
- Documentation of sources consulted
6.2.1 Software package
To ensure compatibility and easy editing, all reports must be written in Coral Word Perfect.
6.2.2 Format
To improve the readability of the text and to allow room to bind the report, the following margins and fonts should be used for the cover page and main text:
Cover page
- Title of report : Top, Centre page, Upper case, Bold, Font - Arial 38
- Origin of report : Centre page, Upper case, Bold, Font - Arial 20
- Address of Publisher : Lower left hand corner, Lower case, Bold, Font - Arial 12.
- Date of report : Centre page, Bottom, Lower case, Bold, Font - Arial 16
Main text
- Margins
Left : 2.54 cm.
Right : 2.54 cm.
Top : 2.40 cm.
Bottom : 2.54 cm.
Line spacing : 1.00 cm.
- Setting of page :
Full
- Text :
Font - Arial 12.
- Page numbering :
- Contents, glossary
- Body of report :
- Annexures :
Bottom centre, Font - Arial 10.
Top centre, consecutively in lower case Roman and summary Numerals.
Consecutively in Arabic numerals, starting from page 1.
Follow the numbering of the main text in Arabic numerals.
- Header :
Every new chapter. Top of page. Format setting. Choose Header/Footer. Choose "create Header A". Hard return x 2. Horizontal line. Two spaces up. Font - Arial 8, Italics, Upper case. Left, indent, number of chapter, indent, name of chapter.
- Footer :
Only put it in once at the very first page following the cover page). Top of page. Format setting. Choose Header/Footer. Choose "create Footer A". Horizontal line. Hard return. Upper case, Italics, Font - Arial 8. Public Service Commission left, Indent, Name of report left right. 6.2.3 Headings
Three levels of headings are normally more than sufficient. If more headings are needed, there might be something wrong with the overall structure. The three levels, also available on Word Perfect of the Offices computers under "Format, Styles, Headings 1 - 8, are as follows:
- The first level headings are used for the major divisions of the report, such as the chapters of a long report.
- The second level headings are used for the main subdivisions within the chapter.
- The third level headings are for any further subdivisions.
All headings should be in lower case, bold, with only the first letter of the first word in upper case. (Names of persons, places, etc., should be capitalised according to normal usage).
6.2.4 Numbering of sections
The numbering of the different sections of the report is essential, because it -
- clarifies the sequence,
- indicates the importance and interrelation of divisions and subdivisions, and
- simplifies searching and retrieving of information in the report.
The easiest way to go about numbering the sections is as follows:
- Use Arabic numerals only (example 1, 2, 3) and not also alphabetical symbols (example A, B, C or a, b, c) or Roman numerals (example I, II, III or i, ii, iii). One could soon run out of letters of the alphabet, and Roman numerals are not always easy to interpret.
- Number all sections consecutively.
- Use subdivisions, but not more than four.
- No full stop is placed after the last digit in a number (example 2.1 and not 2.1.).
- Start all numbering at the left-hand margin.
Example:
2
2.1
2.1.1and not
2
2.1
2.1.1
since this will take up unnecessary space and make the text, which will also be indented, awkward to read.
- Put one indent between the number and text.
- List all the numbered sections in the table of contents.
6.2.5 The presentation of tables
When tables are presented in a report, it is important to keep the following in mind:
- If the report contains more than one table, list them after the table of contents.
- Each table must be numbered consecutively in Arabic numerals throughout the report, including the tables in the annexures, e.g. Table 1, Table 2.
- If there is only one table, it is not numbered.
- Each table must have a legend (i.e. a heading or title) which is placed above the table in italics and two fonts smaller than that of the text.
6.2.6 The presentation of illustrations
Illustrations include graphs, drawings, photographs, maps, diagrams and computer printouts, and are collectively called figures in a report. When using illustrations in a report, the following guidelines should be followed:
- Illustrations should be placed in, or as close as possible to, the text to which they relate.
- Collections of many illustrations which break up the flow of the text should be provided in the form of an annexure.
- Illustrations must be numbered consecutively as figures in Arabic numeral without distinguishing between the different types of illustrations.
- If there is only one illustration, it is not numbered.
- Each illustration must have a legend (i.e. a heading or title) which makes it intelligible without having to refer to the text for clarification.
- The legend follows the figure number and is placed below the illustration in italics and two fonts smaller than that of the text.
- The numbering of illustrations is independent of the numbering of tables.
- If a report contains more that one illustration, include a list of illustrations after the table of contents after the list of tables.
6.2.7 Documentation of sources consulted
In compiling the List of sources consulted, follow the steps indicated below:
- Present the list at the end of the report, before the annexures, and arrange the list in alphabetical order by the last name of the author.
- If there are two or three authors, list all names after the first in normal order. Separate the names with commas. If it is cumbersome, list only the first three and add et al. after the last name.
- Print the title of the book or periodical in italics or underline it.
- Details of the sources should be in lower case, with only the first letter of the first word in upper case. The initial letters of names of persons, organisations, countries, etcetera, should be in upper case, according to normal usage.
Sequence for books
The correct sequence for presenting the bibliographic details of books is:
- Last name of author
- Full title of book (in italics), or underlined
- Place of publication
- Name of publisher
- Date.
Sequence for periodicals
The correct sequence for presenting the bibliographic details of an article in a periodical is:
- Last name of author
- Full name of article in quotation marks (not in italics)
- Title of journal in italics
- Place of publication
- Name of publisher
- Volume or issue number
- Date
- Page numbers (for articles).
Sequence for government publications
The correct sequence for presenting the bibliographic details of government publications is:
- Name of country
- Name of department
- Name of component
- Title of publication (in italics), or underlined
- Place of publication
- Name of publisher
- Volume or issue number
- Date
|
NAME OF COMMITTEE |
NUMBER OF MEMBERS |
|
1. Agriculture, Water Affairs and Forestry |
25 |
|
2. Arts, Culture and Language, Science and Technology |
24 |
|
3. Communication |
26 |
|
4. Constitutional Affairs - including Provincial Affairs and Local Government |
39 |
|
5. Correctional Services |
25 |
|
6. Defence |
25 |
|
7. Education |
26 |
|
8. Environmental Affairs and Tourism |
25 |
|
9. Finance |
26 |
|
10. Foreign Affairs |
25 |
|
11. Health |
26 |
|
12. Home Affairs |
26 |
|
13. Housing |
26 |
|
14. Justice |
26 |
|
15. Labour |
25 |
|
16. Land Affairs |
25 |
|
17. Mineral and Energy Affairs |
25 |
|
18. Public Enterprises |
25 |
|
19. Public Service and Administration |
25 |
|
20. Public Works |
25 |
|
21. Reconstruction and Development Programme |
26 |
|
22. Safety and Security |
25 |
|
23. Sport and Recreation |
25 |
|
24. Trade and industry |
25 |
|
25. Transport |
25 |
|
26. Welfare |
26 |
|
27. Private Members Legislative Proposals and Petitions |
28 |
|
28. National Council of Provinces |
50 |
|
Total |
750 |
NOTE: The composition of these committees might differ from time to time. It is therefore necessary to obtain the correct information before publishing of a report.
Portfolio Committees
Other Committees
Portfolio Committees
Other Committees
Portfolio Committees
Other Committees
Portfolio Committees
Other Committees
Portfolio Committees
Other Committees
Portfolio Committees
Other Committees
Portfolio Committees
Other Committees
Portfolio Committees
Other Committees
Portfolio Committees
Other Committees
|
NAME OF INSTITUTION |
NUMBER OF MEMBERS |
|
1. Chambers of Commerce/Industry |
9 |
|
2. Embassies |
22 |
|
3. Individuals |
37 |
|
4. Libraries: City |
4 |
|
5. Libraries: Other |
48 |
|
6. Libraries: Public |
3 |
|
7. Libraries: State |
45 |
|
8. Libraries: Universities |
13 |
|
9. Media |
36 |
|
10. Organisations |
44 |
|
11. Post Office |
2 |
|
12. Technicons |
5 |
|
13. Unions |
17 |
|
14. University Departments |
59 |
|
Total |
344 |